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“Granny Annexe” Flood Risk Assessment: The Planning Rules

Posted on 7th August, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Do you need a flood risk assessment for a change of use to an HMO?

Usually, yes. A flood risk assessment is required for a change of use to an HMO wherever the site sits in Flood Zone 2 or 3, and in some Flood Zone 1 cases too. An HMO is still residential sleeping…
Posted on 7th August, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Flood risk and drainage in the planning process: where they fit at every stage

If you are applying for planning permission for the first time, the part most likely to catch you out is not the design or the neighbours. It is flood risk and drainage in the planning process. Flooding and surface water…
Posted on 6th August, 2026
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Flood Risk Assessment and Drainage Strategy: Do You Need Both?

Most applications that need one of these documents need the other too. A flood risk assessment and a drainage strategy answer different questions: the first asks whether the site floods and whether your development makes flooding worse somewhere else, the…
Posted on 4th August, 2026
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Do you need a flood risk assessment for a barn conversion (Class Q)?

Yes — if the barn sits in a flood risk area, a flood risk assessment for a barn conversion is almost always required, even though the work is permitted development. Class Q lets you turn an agricultural building into a…
Posted on 3rd August, 2026
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Flood Risk and Drainage for EV Charging Infrastructure: What Developers Need to Know

There were 119,080 public chargers on the UK network on 1 April 2026, and 27,372 of them were rated 50kW or above. Almost all of it went in on land nobody picked for its flood characteristics: retail car parks, filling-station…
Posted on 30th July, 2026
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Can a Planning Condition Make You Fix a Flood Problem You Didn’t Cause?

Almost every developer who has taken a drainage condition through to discharge has met some version of this. The site floods. The gardens next door flood. The culvert downstream has been surcharging since long before anyone applied for anything. And…
Posted on 29th July, 2026
, in NPPF 
, in PPG 
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Sea Level Rise and Planning: Why 2100 Is No Longer the End of the Story

For most of UK practice, sea level rise and planning meet at a single tidy horizon: the end of this century. Flood risk assessments run their allowances out to the 2120s, defence schemes are appraised on similar timescales, and almost…
Posted on 22nd July, 2026
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The Revised NPPF and Flood Risk: What’s Changing and What to Do Now

The revised NPPF and flood risk are now tightly linked. The government's December 2025 consultation on a rewritten National Planning Policy Framework closed on 10 March 2026, and the revised framework is expected in summer 2026. For flood risk it…
Posted on 16th July, 2026
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Why Does Rain Stop Play at Wimbledon? The Science of Grass Court Drainage

Every Wimbledon has the same ritual. A few spots of rain, the umpire calls a halt, and within seconds the ground staff are sprinting the covers across the grass. It looks like an overreaction on a warm July afternoon. It…
Posted on 8th July, 2026
, in SuDS 
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How Football Pitch Drainage Works: Lessons from the 2026 World Cup

Watch a World Cup match in a downpour and the ball still runs true. There are no puddles on the halfway line, no spray kicking up at every pass. That is not luck. Football pitch drainage is a piece of…
Posted on 7th July, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Do building control and planning talk to each other? Drainage, SuDS and the gap between them

A building control officer tells you the simplest thing to do is run the surface water into the sewer. Your planning condition says infiltration first, greenfield runoff rates, attenuation for a one-in-100-year storm. Both cannot be right, and only one…
Posted on 3rd July, 2026
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Flood ReThink 2026: Flood Performance Certificates Explained

A Flood Performance Certificate (FPC) is a proposed rating of how well a home withstands flooding, and it is one of the headline proposals in the reforms Flood Re set out on 2 July 2026, ten years after the scheme…
Posted on 3rd July, 2026
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Retrospective Planning Applications: Flood Risk and Drainage Explained

A retrospective planning application is a normal application made after building work has already started or finished. Where that development sits in a flood risk area, or changes how surface water drains from the site, the retrospective planning application flood…
Posted on 2nd July, 2026
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Planning Application Invalidated? The Flood Risk and Drainage Documents You’re Missing

A planning application invalidated for flood risk or drainage almost always comes down to one thing: a document the local planning authority treats as mandatory is missing from the submission. Most often that is a flood risk assessment (FRA), a…
Posted on 22nd June, 2026
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Climate Whiplash: What New UK River Research Means for Flood and Drought Risk

Climate whiplash, the abrupt swing between flood and drought as the climate warms, is set to become more common across the UK, according to major new research led by the University of East Anglia's Tyndall Centre. The study modelled almost…
Posted on 19th June, 2026
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Leaky Dams and Flood Risk: What They Do, Where They Work, and What They Can’t Fix

Anyone who has watched the latest series of Clarkson's Farm will have seen Jeremy Clarkson wading into a stream at Diddly Squat to build what he gleefully describes, after a bit of reading on the government's website, as "large, leaky,…
Posted on 13th June, 2026
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Human-driven sea level rise is increasing coastal flooding: what it means for UK flood risk

Two studies published on the same day this week reached the same uncomfortable conclusion: the rise in coastal flooding we are already seeing is being driven, in large part, by human-caused sea level rise. Not a future risk. A present…
Posted on 10th June, 2026
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Residual Flood Risk Explained: How It’s Assessed and Managed

Residual flood risk is the risk left over after defences, drainage and mitigation have done what they can. No scheme removes risk entirely. A defended site still floods if a barrier is overtopped, if a defence breaches, or if a…
Posted on 9th June, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Why the Insurance Industry Is Warning Against the NPPF Flood Risk Changes

In early March 2026, as the government’s consultation on its revised National Planning Policy Framework drew to a close, seventeen of the most significant names in UK flood risk signed a single joint letter to ministers. Insurers, mortgage lenders, brokers…
Posted on 8th June, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Can You Build a House on Stilts in a Flood Zone? Floodable Voids Explained

Yes, you can build a house on stilts in a flood zone in England, and floodable voids are the engineering that makes it work. A floodable void is an open space beneath a building that lets floodwater flow in, through…
Posted on 4th June, 2026
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Groundwater Flood Risk Maps in the UK: How to Check a Site

There is no single official groundwater flood map for the UK in the way there is for rivers and the sea. That gap is the first thing to understand when you try to check groundwater flood risk: the familiar national…
Posted on 2nd June, 2026
, in BGS 
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EA Flood Map for Planning: May 2026 Update — Surface Water Climate Change Data

On 28th May 2026 the Environment Agency added surface water climate change extents and banded depth layers to the Flood Map for Planning. The Check Your Long Term Flood Risk (CYLTFR) surface water data should no longer be used for…
Posted on 28th May, 2026
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BREEAM Flood Risk Assessments Explained

BREEAM is the leading sustainability assessment method for buildings, and flood risk is one of the things it rewards designers for managing well. A BREEAM flood risk assessment is not quite the same as the flood risk assessment you submit…
Posted on 25th May, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Groundwater Flood Risk and Planning Applications: What Developers Need to Submit

Key takeaways If your site needs a Flood Risk Assessment, that FRA must assess groundwater — it is not optional under the NPPF and Planning Practice Guidance. The national flood maps do not show groundwater. Screen with the BGS Susceptibility…
Posted on 22nd May, 2026
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Can AI Write a Flood Risk Assessment?

Ask any chatbot to write a flood risk assessment and it will hand you a confident, well-formatted document in seconds. That is the easy part, and it is also the misleading part, because a flood risk assessment is not really…
Posted on 20th May, 2026
, in AI 
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Property Flood Resilience and Planning: The 2025 FloodReady Action Plan, the CIRIA Code and Build Back Better

Property flood resilience (PFR) has moved from the margins of flood policy towards the centre of it. The 2025 FloodReady action plan, the maturing CIRIA Code of Practice, and insurance-side schemes like Build Back Better have made the idea of…
Posted on 14th May, 2026
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The Flood Knowledge Gap Between Communities and Institutions

In 1724, a local historian described one Berkshire village as "a low and watery place" where "water is a dominant theme … with disastrous floods, both within and beyond living memory." More than two centuries later, that village still requires…
Posted on 11th May, 2026
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EA River Modelling Technical Standards (2026): What Flood Risk Assessments Must Demonstrate

Hydraulic modelling sits behind almost every detailed flood risk assessment, and the Environment Agency sets the standard for how those models are built and reviewed. The EA's river modelling technical standards define what a credible model looks like and what…
Posted on 8th May, 2026
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Nature-Based Flood and Drought Resilience: The Evidence Gap POSTnote 768 Just Flagged

Nature-based flood and drought resilience, a new briefing from the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POSTnote 768) published on 1 May 2026, includes a statistic worth dwelling on: research on the potential benefits of nature-based solutions outnumbers research on…
Posted on 5th May, 2026
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Urban Flood Risk in England Is Now Dominated by Surface Water

Recent analysis reported by the Guardian on urban flood risk in England, based on National Housing Federation (NHF) work using Environment Agency data, suggests that urban flood risk in England is now heavily concentrated in towns and cities. The same…
Posted on 29th April, 2026
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Fens 2100+: flood risk management is reaching its limits – and the Fens show why

The Fens 2100+ reports set out one of the clearest assessments yet of flood risk, drainage and water management in England. They do not introduce a new problem, but they quantify one that has been building for decades. Fens 2100+…
Posted on 28th April, 2026
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What are ‘spongy landscapes’ and how do they reduce flood risk?

Flood risk is often discussed in terms of rivers, drainage systems and flood defences. That makes sense, but it misses something important: a flood often starts long before water reaches a river channel or a roadside drain. It starts with…
Posted on 24th April, 2026
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From 6-Hour Warning to Spade in Ground: What SWFFIP Means for Planning

On 16th April the Flood Forecasting Centre published the results of SWFFIP, the Surface Water Flood Forecasting Improvement Project. The programme brings two models into fuller operational use: the Surface Water Flooding Hazard Impact Model (SWFHIM), which has been running…
Posted on 21st April, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Are Flood Maps Accurate? Why a Property Can Flood When the Map Says Low Risk (and Vice Versa)

Are flood maps accurate? At the scale they are built for, a region, a catchment, a whole postcode, broadly yes. At the scale that matters when you are buying a house or designing a single building, often not. National flood…
Posted on 17th April, 2026
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Groundwater Monitoring for Planning: Requirements, Timing and Delays

Groundwater monitoring for planning is the process of measuring how the water table beneath a site rises and falls over time, usually to prove that an infiltration-based drainage scheme will work. It is most often needed where Sustainable Drainage Systems…
Posted on 14th April, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Planning Appeals 2026: Why Flood Risk and Drainage Must Be Right First Time

From 1 April 2026, the way planning appeals work in England changed, and the change lands hardest on anyone relying on flood risk or drainage evidence. Most appeals now run through a streamlined written procedure, and the Planning Inspectorate will…
Posted on 27th March, 2026
, in PINS 
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Groundwater, heritage, and the cost of getting flood risk wrong

Flood defences are designed to keep water out. This case shows what happens when they change where the water goes instead. A recent Upper Tribunal decision involving The King’s Lodging in Sandwich has brought an often-overlooked aspect of flood risk…
Posted on 26th March, 2026
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Environment Agency Objection to Your Planning Application (Flood Risk): How to Resolve It

An Environment Agency objection to a planning application on flood risk grounds is unsettling, but it is rarely the end of a scheme. In most cases it means the flood risk evidence in front of the local planning authority is…
Posted on 23rd March, 2026
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England Land Use Framework Published: Flood Risk and Planning Impact

The government has published England’s first Land Use Framework, setting out a long-term strategy for how land is allocated across housing, farming, infrastructure and the natural environment. The framework responds to a fundamental constraint: land is finite, but demand is…
Posted on 20th March, 2026
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What Is Environment Agency Flood Data? Product 4, 5, 6 and 7 Explained

Environment Agency flood data underpins how flood risk is assessed in the English planning system, yet it is one of the most misunderstood parts of the process. Terms like "Product 4" or "Product 6" get passed around in pre-application advice,…
Posted on 20th March, 2026
, in GIS 
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£1.4bn Flood Defence Funding 2026/27 Explained

The UK government has announced £1.4 billion of flood defence funding for 2026 / 27, supporting more than 600 schemes across England, as set out in the official £1.4bn flood investment announcement. The funding is intended to reduce flood risk…
Posted on 18th March, 2026
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How to Do a Flood Risk Assessment for Planning

A flood risk assessment (FRA) is a technical report that identifies how a site could flood, now and over the lifetime of a development, and shows a planning authority that the proposal will be safe and will not make flooding…
Posted on 17th March, 2026
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Flood Risk Assessment Cost: What Drives the Price and Why Bespoke Beats Fixed

Ask ten flood risk consultants what a flood risk assessment costs and the honest ones all say the same thing: it depends on the site. Anyone who quotes a firm figure before they have seen yours is guessing. The cost…
Posted on 16th March, 2026
, in Cost 
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Can I Do My Own Flood Risk Assessment for Planning?

If your planning application needs flood risk information, it is fair to ask whether you can do your own flood risk assessment rather than pay a consultant. You can, but only for a genuinely minor, low-risk proposal. What looks like…
Posted on 11th March, 2026
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Why a Conveyancing Flood Report Won’t Pass Planning (And What Will)

Posted on 10th March, 2026
, in NPPF 
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New CIRIA guidance encourages communities to help maintain local flood defences

New guidance published by CIRIA is encouraging communities to play a more active role in maintaining local flood risk assets, including drainage channels, culverts and smaller flood defence structures. The guidance forms a three-part suite (C821) aimed at supporting community…
Posted on 6th March, 2026
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Unda at the Manor Royal Jobs Fair – Crawley Town Hall

Today, members of the Unda team are at Crawley Town Hall taking part in the Manor Royal BID Jobs Fair, meeting local jobseekers and showcasing career opportunities within the business. Representing Unda at the event are Jackie and Antony, who…
Posted on 6th March, 2026
, in Jobs 
, in SuDS 
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Flood risk vulnerability classification explained: NPPF Annex 3 guide

Flood risk vulnerability classification is the system that sorts every kind of development — homes, hospitals, offices, power stations, car parks — by how badly it would be affected if a flood happened. Set out in Annex 3 of the…
Posted on 2nd March, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Living with Water: What the UK Can Learn from Venice’s Everyday Flooding

Flooding in the UK is still widely framed as an abnormal disruption — a storm, a breach, an exceptional failure. Media narratives emphasise “record-breaking” rainfall and “once in a generation” events. Yet official modelling tells a more structural story. The…
Posted on 23rd February, 2026
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One in Nine New Homes in Flood Risk Areas – is 11% Evidence of Planning Failure?

Aviva’s latest analysis has generated prominent headlines: one in nine new homes built in England between 2022 and 2024 are in areas of medium or high flood risk. The insurer reports that 11% of the 396,602 new homes recorded during…
Posted on 23rd February, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Types of Flooding Explained: Sources of Flood Risk

Flooding can arise from several different sources, and understanding the types of flooding that may affect a site is an essential part of assessing flood risk for property, land and development proposals. While many people associate flooding primarily with rivers…
Posted on 19th February, 2026
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What Is Infrastructure Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding can also occur when water escapes from man-made infrastructure such as canals, water mains, culverts or other engineered systems. This type of flooding is often referred to as infrastructure flooding or artificial source flooding. Infrastructure flooding occurs when water…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
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What Is Reservoir Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding can occur from the failure or overtopping of large raised water bodies such as reservoirs. This type of flooding is known as reservoir flooding. Reservoir flooding occurs when water stored behind a reservoir dam or embankment is suddenly released…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
, in Dam 
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What Is Sewer Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding can also occur when sewer systems are unable to carry or contain the volume of water entering them. This type of flooding is known as sewer flooding. Sewer flooding occurs when wastewater or stormwater escapes from the sewer network…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
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What Is Groundwater Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Groundwater flooding happens when water rises up from beneath the ground rather than spilling in from a river or running across the surface. After long, wet periods the water table — the level below which the ground is saturated —…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
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What Is Tidal (Sea) Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding in coastal areas is often caused by the sea rather than rivers or rainfall. This type of flooding is known as tidal flooding, sometimes referred to as coastal flooding or sea flooding. Tidal flooding occurs when sea water moves…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
, in Sea 
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What Is Fluvial (River) Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding is often associated with rivers overflowing their banks, and this is known as fluvial flooding, sometimes referred to as river flooding. Fluvial flooding occurs when the volume of water flowing through a river channel exceeds its capacity. When this…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
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What Is Pluvial (Surface Water) Flooding? Causes, Risks and Planning Implications

Flooding is often associated with rivers overflowing their banks, but a significant proportion of flooding in the UK occurs away from rivers and coastlines. One of the most common sources is pluvial flooding, also known as surface water flooding. Pluvial…
Posted on 18th February, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Why Am I Still in a Flood Zone After New Flood Defences Have Been Built?

You watch a new flood wall go up, an embankment raised or a storage basin finished after years of planning. Then you open the Environment Agency's Flood Map for Planning and your property is still shown in a Flood Zone.…
Posted on 16th February, 2026
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Why Is My House in a Flood Zone if It Has Never Flooded?

"Why is my house in a flood zone? We have lived here for years and it has never flooded." It is one of the most common questions homeowners ask, and the answer is simpler than the mapping makes it look.…
Posted on 16th February, 2026
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Approved Despite Flood Risk Fears? What Planning Policy Actually Requires

“Approved despite flood risk fears” has become a familiar headline in England’s local press. Residents describe flooded roads, overwhelmed drains or sewage backing up into homes. Councillors express concern. Planning permission is granted anyway. The implication is straightforward: flood risk…
Posted on 16th February, 2026
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Does the Jubilee River Increase Downstream Flood Risk?

The Jubilee River is an 11.6 kilometre artificial flood relief channel opened in 2002 as part of the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton Flood Alleviation Scheme on the River Thames. Designed to divert up to around 180 cubic metres of water…
Posted on 12th February, 2026
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River Thames Scheme delays raise questions over flood defence delivery

Recent political intervention and growing local frustration over the River Thames Scheme have brought long-running questions about flood defence delivery sharply back into focus. What began as a technically ambitious response to well-understood flood risk is increasingly becoming a case…
Posted on 9th February, 2026
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How a £12.6m flood scheme is unlocking development in Stoke-on-Trent

The Fowlea Brook Flood Risk Management Scheme in Stoke-on-Trent has been completed by the Environment Agency, delivering a major upgrade to the city’s flood defences. The scheme is intended to reduce flood risk for 333 homes and businesses and represents…
Posted on 6th February, 2026
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How Increasing Rainfall Is Changing Flood Risk in the UK

Flooding across the UK is becoming more frequent, more widespread and easier to trigger. A growing body of scientific evidence shows that this is being driven not by radically different storms, but by increasing rainfall intensity and wetter autumn and…
Posted on 5th February, 2026
, in SuDS 
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Flood Risk at Britain’s Landmarks: What Six Famous Sites Reveal

Flood risk at the UK’s most famous landmarks is rising, and the pattern it reveals matters far beyond the sites themselves. In its Building Future Communities 2025 report, Aviva uses a handful of Britain’s best-known places — Hampton Court Palace,…
Posted on 4th February, 2026
, in Data 
, in SuDS 
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Flood risk data delay slows planning and housing delivery

Yesterday, on 29th January 2026, updated surface water flood risk data was due to be published for use in development planning. Late in the day, it was confirmed that the release had been delayed, with no revised publication date and…
Posted on 30th January, 2026
, in NPPF 
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Storm Chandra flooding hits UK weeks after Storm Goretti

Storm Chandra is causing widespread flooding across the UK and Ireland, marking the second major flooding event of 2026, before the end of January. Flooding and disruption have continued into Wednesday, with impacts persisting across several regions. The storm follows…
Posted on 28th January, 2026
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Why Lincolnshire Is Trialling a New Approach to Flood Warnings

In parts of Lincolnshire, flooding is a familiar experience that does not always come with a warning. Streets flood, gardens fill, groundwater emerges, and yet many locations sit outside the areas where the national warning service is designed to operate.…
Posted on 23rd January, 2026
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Climate Change Allowances for Flood Risk Assessments: A 2026 Guide

Climate change allowances are the figures the Environment Agency expects you to build into a flood risk assessment so that a development stays safe over its whole lifetime, not just on the day it is built. They convert what we…
Posted on 21st January, 2026
, in NPPF 
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What the Gladman Judgment Means for the Sequential Test

Flood risk, planning appeals and the High Court The High Court’s judgment in Gladman Developments Ltd v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government and Lancaster City Council (15 January 2026) is an important decision on flood risk,…
Posted on 16th January, 2026
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Does Flood Risk Affect House Prices?

Flood risk has stopped being a background detail in the UK housing market. Buyers now ask whether a property sits in a flood risk area before they offer, lenders weigh flooding when they assess a mortgage, and sellers know that…
Posted on 16th January, 2026
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Guildford Flood Alleviation Scheme: flood risk, history and consultation

Guildford’s relationship with flooding is long-standing and well documented. The town sits at a natural constriction on the River Wey, where historic development, bridges and river training have progressively reduced the space available for flood flows. Significant flooding was recorded…
Posted on 14th January, 2026
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Construction Stage Flood Risk and the Lessons from Attleborough

Flood risk is most often scrutinised at the point a planning application is determined. Flood Risk Assessments are prepared, mitigation is proposed, and decisions are taken on the assumption that what has been assessed on paper is what will exist…
Posted on 13th January, 2026
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What Is Flood Re? A Clear Guide to the UK Flood Insurance Scheme

Flood Re is a UK government-backed reinsurance scheme designed to improve the availability and affordability of flood insurance for households at higher risk of flooding. Introduced in 2016, Flood Re UK allows insurers to transfer the flood element of eligible…
Posted on 7th January, 2026
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How AI Could Improve Flood Risk Management

Artificial intelligence is starting to reshape flood risk management, though not in the way the headlines suggest. AI in flood risk management works best as a support layer: it can sharpen flood forecasting, widen warning coverage and speed up the…
Posted on 5th January, 2026
, in AI 
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Below Standard Flood Defences: Protected on Paper, Vulnerable in Practice

Recent inspections have found flood defences below target condition across large parts of England, including places with long and well-documented flood histories. From historic cities to chalk stream catchments, inspection data shows that thousands of flood defence assets are operating…
Posted on 24th December, 2025
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Shropshire Canal Failure: What the Whitchurch Canal Breach Means for Flood Risk and Planning

A canal breach near Whitchurch, Shropshire, in the early hours of 22nd December 2025 drew national attention. The scale of the collapse was part of it, but so was what the failure revealed about how the UK manages, and plans…
Posted on 23rd December, 2025
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Flooding Across England and Wales Ahead of Christmas 2025

In the weeks leading up to Christmas 2025, large parts of England and Wales experienced prolonged and disruptive flooding. Rather than a single storm-driven incident, the period was marked by repeated rainfall, saturated ground conditions and flooding that often persisted…
Posted on 22nd December, 2025
, in NPPF 
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December 2025 NPPF Draft | Flood Risk and Sequential Test

On 16th December 2025, the Government published a draft National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) for consultation. The consultation is open until 10th March 2026 and the draft has no statutory force at this stage. No changes are yet enacted, and…
Posted on 18th December, 2025
, in NPPF 
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Soils, Flooding and Resilience | World Soil Day

World Soil Day, observed each year on 5th December, highlights the critical importance of soils to environmental systems that are often taken for granted. Led by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization through the Global Soil Partnership, it focuses global…
Posted on 5th December, 2025
, in SuDS 
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RNLI Flood Rescue and UK Emergency Response

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is widely recognised for its lifesaving work at sea. Increasingly, however, it also plays an important role in flood rescue across the UK, supporting emergency response during major inland flooding events. As extreme rainfall…
Posted on 20th November, 2025
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Resilience by Repetition: 25 Years on from the 2000 Severn Floods

When the River Severn burst its banks in the autumn of 2000, it wasn’t the first time Shrewsbury, Bewdley or Ironbridge had flooded — but it was the one that changed everything. Streets became rivers, businesses closed overnight, and entire…
Posted on 5th November, 2025
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Runways Underwater: The 2000 Crawley and Gatwick Floods

The final months of 2000 delivered what the Environment Agency later called “the wettest autumn in nearly 300 years”. Successive Atlantic depressions rolled in through October and November, dumping record-breaking rainfall across much of England and Wales. By early November,…
Posted on 4th November, 2025
, in SuDS 
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25 Years On: The Legacy of the Lewes Floods

This year marks 25 years since the historic Lewes floods. In the autumn of 2000, intense and prolonged rainfall overwhelmed the River Ouse, sending torrents of water through the heart of Lewes. Within hours, streets were submerged, homes and businesses…
Posted on 3rd November, 2025
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Loughborough Study Shows Sediment Ponds Aid Flood Control

Recent research from Loughborough University has highlighted how sediment ponds—sometimes called “mini-wetlands” — can help farmers protect their land, improve water quality and strengthen natural flood resilience. While the study focused on agricultural benefits, the implications reach far wider. As…
Posted on 31st October, 2025
, in SuDS 
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Paving Over Gardens: Flood Risk and the Rules You Need to Know

Paving over gardens is one of the quiet drivers of urban flooding in the UK. When grass and planting are replaced with concrete, tarmac or block paving, rainwater can no longer soak into the ground. It runs off into drains…
Posted on 30th October, 2025
, in SuDS 
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Flood Resilience in England: A Wake-Up Call

Flooding in England is no longer a localised hazard — it is a national systems challenge. The House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee’s latest report, Flood Resilience in England (HC 550, October 2025), delivers a blunt assessment: the country remains…
Posted on 29th October, 2025
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How to Drive Through Flood Water

Knowing how to drive through flood water safely comes down to one rule above all others: if you can avoid it, don't drive through it at all. The Environment Agency advises drivers not to enter water that is moving or…
Posted on 28th October, 2025
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New Arun Checklists Set Higher Bar for Drainage Design

Arun District Council has published new surface water drainage design guidance and checklists (October 2025) to align with the National Standards for SuDS (June 2025) and CIRIA’s SuDS Manual (C753). The new documents – one for outline applications and another…
Posted on 27th October, 2025
, in SuDS 
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NAFRA2 and Home Sales: Rising Flood Awareness

When the Environment Agency released its latest National Assessment of Flood Risk for England (NAFRA2) in early 2025, the updated dataset immediately began reshaping how flood risk is understood — and, increasingly, how property is bought and sold. Many homeowners…
Posted on 20th October, 2025
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Planning for Flood Risk: The NPPF Explained

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) is one of the most important documents shaping how and where development happens in England. It sets out the government’s planning policies and how local authorities are expected to apply them — influencing everything…
Posted on 16th October, 2025
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Planning is falling behind flood risk, says Aviva

Aviva’s Building future communities analysis presents a stark assessment of flood risk in England. By the middle of the century, millions more properties could be exposed to flooding, with risk increasingly driven by surface water flooding rather than rivers or…
Posted on 15th October, 2025
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PPG flood risk: what the September 2025 Sequential Test update changed

The PPG flood risk guidance changed on 17th September 2025, and the four paragraphs it rewrote decide how a Sequential Test gets scoped and evidenced today. The sequential approach now reads across every source of flooding, surface water included. A…
Posted on 22nd September, 2025
, in NPPF 
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Flood Map for Planning: What It Shows and How to Use It

Posted on 29th August, 2025
, in NPPF 
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Flood Zones Explained: Zone 1, 2 and 3 (England)

Flood zones are how the planning system in England describes the chance of a site flooding from rivers or the sea. They sort land into Flood Zone 1, 2 or 3 (with Zone 3 split into 3a and 3b), from…
Posted on 28th August, 2025
, in NPPF 
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Declaring flooding when selling a house: TA6 rules, the law and how to check flood history

If a home you are selling has ever flooded, you have to say so. When selling a property in England and Wales you have to declare flooding, because flood history is one of the material facts a seller must disclose,…
Posted on 27th August, 2025
, in Law 
, in TA6 
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EA Flood Map for Planning: August 2025 Update

On the 27th August 2025, the Environment Agency (EA) will roll out changes to the Flood Map for Planning (FMfP). This update aims to make climate change flood risk data easier to use at the planning stage, while keeping the…
Posted on 15th August, 2025
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Can the Sequential Test Be Reformed to Unlock Homes?

As appeals like Faversham and Yatton make clear, national policy on flood risk is straining under its own weight. The Sequential Test — originally designed to steer vulnerable development away from areas at highest flood risk — is now increasingly…
Posted on 25th July, 2025
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Texas Flooding: UK Lessons in Planning and Climate Resilience

The floods have been described as among the worst natural disasters in Texas history by officials and multiple media outlets. As of 10 July, at least 120 people are confirmed dead and 173 remain missing, with Camp Mystic, an all-girls…
Posted on 10th July, 2025
, in FEMA 
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What Is the Flood Forecasting Centre (FCC)?

Flooding remains one of the UK’s most significant natural hazards – and as climate change accelerates, so too does the frequency and intensity of flood events. Against this backdrop, one organisation plays a quietly critical role in helping the country…
Posted on 8th July, 2025
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What Is the Met Office’s Role in Flood Management?

The Met Office is widely recognised for its daily weather forecasts, but its role in flood risk management across the UK is far more extensive, technical, and embedded within national infrastructure. As the UK’s national meteorological service, the Met Office…
Posted on 7th July, 2025
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Faversham Appeal Shifts Flood Risk Sequential Test Best Practice

A recent appeal decision (Ref: APP/V2255/W/24/3350524) has stirred interest across the planning and flood risk sectors. The case concerned an outline application for 250 homes on land at Ham Road, Faversham — partly at risk from tidal and surface water…
Posted on 3rd July, 2025
, in NPPF 
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Riparian Ownership: Your Rights and Responsibilities in the UK

If you own, rent out or are developing land beside a river, stream, brook or ditch, you are almost certainly a riparian owner, and riparian ownership carries legal duties that most landowners never realise they hold until a flood or…
Posted on 6th June, 2025
, in FRAP 
, in IDB 
, in LLFA 
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Thames Water Crisis: Sewage, Fines and Flood Risks

Thames Water, the UK's largest water utility, is embroiled in a deepening crisis, raising serious concerns about the sustainability of the privatised water industry. The company is battling on multiple fronts — staggering debt, regulatory fines, public outcry, and the…
Posted on 28th May, 2025
, in SuDS 
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Planning with EA Flood Risk Standing Advice

Posted on 23rd May, 2025
, in NPPF 
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What the 2025–30 London Surface Water Strategy Means for Planning

As climate change accelerates and urban environments become denser, cities around the world face mounting challenges in managing water. Nowhere is this truer than in London, where the convergence of ageing infrastructure, rising population pressures, and increasingly erratic weather patterns…
Posted on 22nd May, 2025
, in SuDS 
, in TfL 
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EA Flood Map for Planning: 2025 Update Explained

On 25th March 2025, the Environment Agency (EA) launched a major update to its Flood Map for Planning (FMfP), marking a pivotal shift in how flood risk is represented for the planning system in England. This update integrates findings from…
Posted on 27th March, 2025
, in NPPF 
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How to Maintain Your Drains to Prevent Surface Water Flooding

You can prevent most surface water flooding around a UK home with three habits: keep gutters and drains clear, check soakaways after heavy rain, and know when a blockage needs a professional rather than a hose. Surface water flooding happens…
Posted on 26th February, 2025
, in SuDS 
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Foul, Surface & Combined Sewers: What to Know

When planning a new development, one crucial factor that developers, architects and planners must consider is how wastewater and surface water will be managed. The type of sewer infrastructure present on or near a site can significantly influence the design,…
Posted on 25th February, 2025
, in SuDS 
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Thames Barrier: London’s Flood Defence Against Tidal Surges

The Thames Barrier is the largest movable flood barrier protecting London, holding back the tidal surges that would otherwise push up the estuary and into the heart of the city. It spans 520 metres of the River Thames near Woolwich…
Posted on 14th February, 2025
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Flood Risk and the UK Housing Market: A Slow-Building Financial Threat

Rising flood risk is a long-term threat to the UK housing market, to the mortgages secured against it, and to the wider financial system. For now, most households at risk are shielded by Flood Re, the industry scheme that keeps…
Posted on 29th January, 2025
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Flood and Water Management Act 2010 Explained

The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 is the law that governs how flood risk is managed in England and Wales. It received Royal Assent on 8 April 2010, made county and unitary councils responsible for local flooding, gave the…
Posted on 6th January, 2025
, in LLFA 
, in SuDS 
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The Pitt Review: impact, legacy and the gaps that remain

The Pitt Review was the independent inquiry, published in 2008, that reshaped how the United Kingdom manages flood risk. Commissioned by the government after the catastrophic summer floods of 2007, and led by Sir Michael Pitt, it made 92 recommendations…
Posted on 3rd January, 2025
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Flood Return Periods & Annual Probability Explained

If you have ever read a flood report or flood risk assessment, you may have met phrases like "1-in-100-year flood" or "annual probability of flooding". They sound technical, and they are easy to misread at exactly the moment they matter…
Posted on 20th December, 2024
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What are the Sequential and Exception Tests?

If you’re a property developer, navigating planning requirements can feel like an uphill battle. The Sequential Test and Exception Test might seem like bureaucratic obstacles, but understanding how to approach them strategically can help unlock development opportunities in areas that…
Posted on 16th December, 2024
, in NPPF 
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Flood Modelling Software: Tools & Techniques Guide

Posted on 20th November, 2024
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Topographical Surveys for FRA & SuDS: When Are They Needed?

A topographical survey is a precise measurement of land elevations, contours, and features, providing essential data for flood risk assessments (FRA) and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). Using total stations, GPS, and laser scanning, these surveys create high-resolution 3D models or…
Posted on 18th November, 2024
, in Data 
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Flood Risk Activity Permits (FRAP): The Complete 2026 Guide

A flood risk activity permit (FRAP) is the environmental permit you need before carrying out work on, under, over or near a main river, a flood defence, a sea defence or a floodplain in England. It is issued by the…
Posted on 6th September, 2024
, in EA 
, in FRAP 
, in NRW 
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Main Rivers and Ordinary Watercourses: A Guide for Planning

Every river, stream, brook and ditch in England and Wales is legally either a main river or an ordinary watercourse, and the difference decides who regulates it, who maintains it, and whose consent you need before you build near it.…
Posted on 5th September, 2024
, in EA 
, in FRAP 
, in NRW 
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Water Companies and the Planning Process: A Developer’s Guide

Water companies and the planning process are closely tied, even though the water company rarely appears on a decision notice. When you develop a site, your regional water and sewerage company is the body that confirms whether the network can…
Posted on 2nd September, 2024
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What Is a Local Planning Authority (LPA)? A Guide for Developers

A local planning authority (LPA) is the council responsible for deciding planning applications in its area and for shaping how land is used and developed. Almost every development, from a single-storey extension to a housing scheme, passes through an LPA…
Posted on 30th August, 2024
, in NPPF 
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The Environment Agency (EA): Flood Risk and Planning

The Environment Agency is the government's statutory adviser on flood risk in the English planning system. It does not decide planning applications, but where a site carries flood risk its advice usually shapes whether permission is granted, refused, or held…
Posted on 28th August, 2024
, in NPPF 
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Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs): what they do and why they matter for planning

An internal drainage board (IDB) is an independent public body that manages water levels and land drainage in a low-lying area at particular risk of flooding. England has 112 IDBs covering around 1.2 million hectares, roughly 9.7% of the country,…
Posted on 27th August, 2024
, in NPPF 
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Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA): What It Is and What It Means for Your Application

A Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) is the county council or unitary authority responsible for managing local flood risk across its area: surface water, groundwater and ordinary watercourses. On major planning applications it is a statutory consultee on surface water…
Posted on 26th August, 2024
, in LLFA 
, in NPPF 
, in SuDS 
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Boscastle 2004 Floods: Lessons for a Wetter Climate

On 16 August 2004, a torrent of water tore through the Cornish village of Boscastle. What began as a humid summer afternoon became one of the most dramatic and widely televised flood events in modern British history. Within hours, cars…
Posted on 16th August, 2024
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EA Flood Map Challenge: What You Need to Know

Flood mapping plays a crucial role in the planning process across England. For landowners, developers, and planners, accurate flood zone designations by the Environment Agency (EA) are essential — not just for safe and sustainable development, but also to avoid…
Posted on 3rd June, 2024
, in NPPF 
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Applying the Sequential Test Post-Mead: A Guide for Planning Professionals

A recent decision of the High Court, upheld by the Court of Appeal in Mead Realisations Ltd v Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities [2024] EWHC 279, has clarified several key aspects of national planning policy relating…
Posted on 20th February, 2024
, in NPPF 
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Flood Risk at Football Stadiums

Ask a supporter what threatens their club and flooding probably won’t be the first answer. It deserves to be near the top. By 2050, around a quarter of the 92 grounds in England’s top four divisions are expected to face…
Posted on 30th November, 2023
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The Great Flood of 1968: causes, the towns it hit, and the risk today

In the middle of September 1968, much of South East England disappeared under water. Two days of near-constant rain, the worst of it on Sunday 15 September, turned quiet rivers into torrents and turned high streets into channels you could…
Posted on 14th September, 2023
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Beavers and Flooding: Do Beaver Dams Reduce Flood Risk?

For most of the last 400 years, beavers were missing from Britain, hunted out for their fur, meat and scent glands. Now they are back, and the policy around them has changed faster in the last two years than in…
Posted on 19th February, 2018
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What Is a Weather Bomb? Explosive Cyclogenesis Explained

A weather bomb is the informal name for a storm whose central pressure drops by at least 24 millibars in 24 hours, a process meteorologists call explosive cyclogenesis. The result is a deep, fast-developing area of low pressure that brings…
Posted on 22nd January, 2018
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How to avoid a Summer Festival Flood

There's no Glastonbury this year. Worthy Farm is taking its fallow year, and part of the reason is the ground itself: it needs a season without 200,000 pairs of wellies compacting it. The rest of 2026 is very much on,…
Posted on 22nd June, 2017
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Are Amphibious houses the answer to flood prone areas?

An amphibious house rests on ordinary foundations for most of its life. When floodwater arrives, the building rises within a purpose-built dock and floats, held in place by vertical guide posts. As the water recedes, it settles back down. The…
Posted on 1st March, 2017
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Communities Affected by Groundwater Flooding in the UK

Groundwater flooding is not spread evenly across the country. It clusters in particular communities, almost all of them sitting on or just downstream of the Chalk. Parts of Dorset, Hampshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Kent, Wiltshire, Surrey and West Sussex are repeatedly…
Posted on 29th September, 2015
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Building on floodplains: what developers need to know

Can you build on a floodplain? In most cases, yes. Floodplain land is not off limits in England, but it is some of the most tightly controlled land you can develop. Whether you get permission, and what you have to…
Posted on 18th September, 2015
, in NPPF 
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Flood risk before buying a property: how to check and understand it

Flood risk is one of the few things you can investigate properly before you commit to a purchase, and one of the most expensive to discover afterwards. The Environment Agency's December 2024 national assessment of flood risk put 6.3 million…
Posted on 6th July, 2015
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